Europe & Central Asia · GDP rank #21

Poland

PL · PLN @ 0.2734/USD

Tab 04

Economics

The macro backdrop that actually bends payment behaviour. Nominal GDP, real growth, CPI, policy rate, and FX volatility set the backdrop; interchange, MDR, FX regime, and capital-control posture set the industry-specific dynamics.

NBP cut the reference rate 25bps to 3.75% in March 2026 and held in May, citing geopolitical uncertainty (Middle East energy effects) and inflation back at 3.2%. Poland's deferral of euro adoption remains the central policy feature; no formal ERM-II entry under the current government. Poland was the largest single sender to Ukraine in 2024 with US$3.3bn (35% of total Ukrainian remittance inflows).

Nominal GDP

$862B

Real GDP growth

3.4%

CPI inflation

3.2%

Policy rate

3.75%

Unemployment

30-day FX volatility

3.4%

Remittance inflows

$7.8B

Remittance outflows

$3.3B

FX posture

How the currency is managed

The FX regime and capital-control posture together determine how much of cross-border flow is priced against the interbank and how much is administratively steered.

FX regime: free float
Capital controls: none — złoty is fully convertible

30-day currency volatility

0.0%benchmark 2.5%3.4%

Scale 0-15%. Benchmark 2.5% marks the approximate median across G10 majors.