Latin America · GDP rank #8

Brazil

BR · BRL @ 0.1990/USD

Pix has done to Brazilian retail payments in five years what took UPI ten in India and never happened at all in Europe. The Banco Central do Brasil runs the rail directly, mandates participation for every licensed PSP above the 500k-customer threshold, and built Open Finance on top — the most aggressive instant-payments programme of any G20 central bank. Cards continue to grow in absolute terms but lose share; cash has retreated into the informal economy; Drex stays a wholesale tokenisation pilot with the BCB signalling no obvious retail use case while Pix fills that space.

Tab 05

Cross-border

Inbound and outbound remittance corridors, tourism flows, FX markup on retail cross-border, and the country's posture on stablecoin adoption. Corridor figures come from the World Bank RPW feed or the publishing central bank; both are cited when they disagree.

Remittance inflows

US$5.3B

USD · 2024

Remittance outflows

US$2.8B

USD · 2024

Inbound tourism spend

R$38B

BRL · 2024

Outbound tourism spend

R$86B

BRL · 2024

Avg. corridor cost

5.4%

% · Q4 2024

Net position

Net receiver

Top inbound corridors

  • United StatesUS$3.2B

    via MTO

  • PortugalUS$410M

    via bank

  • JapanUS$330M

    via MTO

Top outbound corridors

  • ParaguayUS$520M

    via MTO

  • BoliviaUS$280M

    via MTO

Cross-border card

Card flow leaving and arriving

Cards issued domestically and used abroad reflect outbound consumer travel and cross-border e-commerce; volume acquired from abroad reflects inbound tourism and foreign online shoppers.

Issued volume spent abroad

R$86B

BRL/year · 2024

Acquired volume from abroad

R$38B

BRL/year · 2024

FX cost

What consumers pay above the interbank

Retail FX markup is the spread between the mid-market rate and the rate the consumer receives — the single largest friction point in small-ticket cross-border.

FX regime
managed-float
Reference
BRL floats since 1999 under BCB management; IOF tax on cross-border transactions being phased out 2024-2028

Source · Banco Central do Brasil

FX markup not reported.

Full reference

Remittances

Net Position: receiver

Source: